The sagittal plane, also known as the longitudinal and anteroposterior plane, runs front to back and splits the body into a left and a right side. The axis that belongs to this plane runs left to right and is called the frontal axis.
Every complex, except for one, moves in the sagittal plane. Motions in this plane and around its axis are generally known as flexion and extension. Not all sagittal plane movements, however, are labelled as such. Some have a different name.
The motions of the sagittal plane include:
- Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the ankle.
- Upward and downward rotation of the pubic symphysis.
- Counternutation and nutation of the sacroiliac.
- Elevation and depression of the ribs and sternum (pump-handle motion).
- Anterior and posterior tilt of the shoulder girdle and the scapula in particular.
- Lateral and medial rotation of the abducted shoulder (not included in atlas).
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